What type of grammar word is all

I simply extracted the Wiktionary entries and threw them into this interface! So it took a little more work than expected, but I'm happy I kept at it after the first couple of blunders. Special thanks to the contributors of the open-source code that was used in this project: the UBY project mentioned above , mongodb and express.

Currently, this is based on a version of wiktionary which is a few years old. If a word or phrase is adverbial , or is used adverbially , it is used as or like an adverb. An adverbial is one of the five possible elements of a sentence or clause , the others being subject , verb , object , and complement. An adverbial frequently takes the form of an adverb e. Like adverbs, adverbials typically express manner, time, or place. TRAIN v. An agent noun is a noun that is derived from a verb and denotes the person or thing that carries out the action expressed by that verb.

In English, agent nouns are formed by adding the suffix — er or -or to a verb, for example teacher, fastener, editor, accelerator. Grammatical agreement refers to the fact of two or more elements in a clause or sentence having the same grammatical person , number , gender , or case. In modern English, the main type of agreement takes place between the subject and the verb of a clause.

Sometimes a noun or sense of a noun has a plural form, but agrees with a singular verb. In some varieties of English, collective nouns, which have a singular form but a collective meaning for example audience, family, and team may be used with either singular or plural agreement. The government department or agency which levies and collects customs duties, and which controls the flow of goods into and out of a country.

In English, adjectives can often be converted into nouns referring to groups of people, for example the rich, the poor, the needy. These often have plural agreement, which is specified in OED. With the. An anaphoric word or phrase is one which refers back to a word or phrase previously used in a text or conversation. A related term is cataphoric , which describes words or phrases which refer forward.

THEY pron. Here, they refers anaphorically to somebody. TIME n. An antecedent is a word or phrase which is referred back to by a pronoun or other pro-form. Specifically, an antecedent is a word or phrase referred back to by a relative pronoun or other relative word.

HE pron. When used in this way, it is described as anticipatory. It is sometimes used as an anticipatory object : that is, as a direct object which anticipates a following clause.

The clause expressing the condition is called the protasis , and the clause expressing the consequence is called the apodosis. When two or more grammatical units especially nouns or noun phrases in a sentence refer to the same person or thing, and typically have the same role within the sentence, they are said to be in apposition. At TOWN n. Such compounds can be either nouns or adjectives. Appositive compounds are often nouns, in which both the first and second elements are nouns.

For example, BABY n. Other examples of appositive compounds are actor-manager a person who is both an actor and a manager , pianist-composer a person who is both a pianist and a composer , and fridge-freezer an appliance possessing separate refrigerator and freezer compartments. Appositive compounds can also be adjectives, in which both the first and second elements are adjectives: for example, rhythmic-melodic both rhythmic and melodic , metaphysical-epistemic both metaphysical and epistemic.

An article is one of a small set of words in English, the , a , and an which limit the application of nouns. Articles are either definite or indefinite. The main function of the definite article in English, the is to specify the noun given, while the indefinite article in English, a or an marks a noun as being generic.

An attributive adjective directly modifies a noun or noun phrase, usually preceding it e. Attributive adjectives are contrasted with predicative adjectives, which are linked to a noun or noun phrase by a verb e.

A noun or phrase which modifies another noun or phrase may also be described as attributive. Examples in the OED :. An auxiliary verb is one of a small category of verbs which have a grammatical rather than a lexical role; they are used in combination with other verbs, for example to form particular tenses and constructions. In English, the primary auxiliary verbs are be, have, and do; modal verbs such as can, must, etc. An auxiliary verb is sometimes referred to simply as an auxiliary.

WANT v. In advertisements, notices, etc. See infinitive. The base form of a verb is the form without any inflections : for example, walk is the base form, and the inflected forms are walked, walks, and walking.

MUST- comb. More generally, the base form of a word is the main part to which other elements such as prefixes and suffixes may be added. For example, child is a base form, to which may be added the suffix — ish, to form childish.

A case is an inflected form of a noun , pronoun , or adjective which expresses its grammatical relationship with other words. For example, the fact that a noun is in the nominative case indicates that it is the subject of the verb. Old English had four full cases: nominative, accusative , genitive , and dative , as well as traces of instrumental and locative cases. However, this case system largely disappeared during the Middle English period, and the functions served by cases in Old English are mostly performed by other means in Modern English.

The only survivals of the case system are the inflected forms of pronouns e. A cataphoric word or phrase is one which refers forward to a word or phrase used subsequently in a text or conversation. A related term is anaphoric , which describes words or phrases which refer back. KNOW v. ANY pron. SEE v. In later use sometimes with causative sense: to result in an event, development, etc.

A clause is a grammatical unit which typically contains a verb or verb phrase , and which may be a complete sentence in itself or may form part of a sentence.

See also main clause , non-finite , relative clause , that -clause. When the direct object of a verb is related to that verb in both form and meaning, it is a cognate object. For example, in she sang a beautiful song and I dreamed a dream , the nouns song and dream are cognate objects, as they are related to the verbs sing and dream.

LAUGH v. To emit a laugh or laughter. A collective noun is a noun which, in its singular form, refers to a group of people or things considered collectively. Collective nouns in English include audience, committee, family, parliament, and team. When two or more words are juxtaposed, especially when they are habitually juxtaposed, they are said to collocate or to be in collocation.

A pair or group of words that are habitually juxtaposed is a collocation, or fixed collocation. A combination is any word or phrase made up of two or more words or elements.

One word or other element may be described as in combination with another. See also compounds and special uses. KING n. At EVER adv. A combining form is an element used in combination with another element either at the beginning or the end to form a new word. The difference between a combining form and a prefix or suffix has been drawn in different ways by different authorities. In the OED , a combining form carries full meaning on its own and typically functions like a noun or an adjective.

Combining forms are often Latin or Greek in origin. A common noun is a noun which is not a name of an individual person, place, etc. Examples of common nouns in English include man , giraffe , countryside , mountain , automobile , time , beauty , and sadness. Compare proper noun proper name. The term common noun is sometimes used in the OED by way of contrast with proper noun. A comparative adjective or adverb is one which expresses a higher degree of the quality or attribute denoted by an adjective or adverb.

In English the comparative degree is usually expressed by adding — er e. However, in some cases it is expressed by a word from a different root e. Compare positive , superlative. At WAY adv. A complement is a word, phrase , or clause that completes the meaning of another word. Such complements are subject complements. Similarly, a complement may be a noun , adjective , or phrase which expresses the state or condition of the object of the clause resulting from the action of the verb.

Such complements are object complements. Examples in the OED:. LOOK v. To have the appearance, or give the impression, of being; to seem to the sight or to the mind. A complementary compound is a compound usually an adjective in which the first element expresses the complement of the verb underlying the second element.

The first element is usually an adjective and the second element is usually a present participle relating to appearance or impression, e. Included here are cheerful-looking that looks cheerful and cheerful-sounding that sounds cheerful , as well as quotations for cheerful-seeming that seems cheerful and cheerful-appearing that appears cheerful.

A compound is a word or lexical unit formed by combining two or more words a process called compounding. Some compounds are typically spelled as single words e. With many compounds there is variation among these options. In the OED , compounds are treated as entries in their own right if they are particularly significant, for example because they have been in use for a long time, are widely used, or have several meanings.

For specific classifications of compounds in the OED, see appositive , attributive , complementary , instrumental , locative , objective , parasynthetic , and similative. A concrete noun denotes a physical object, place, person, or animal as opposed to an abstract noun, which denotes something immaterial such as an idea, quality, state, or action.

A conditional clause is a clause , typically beginning with if or unless, which expresses a condition. A sentence or statement which contains a conditional clause may be described as a conditional sentence or statement. A conjunction is a word used to connect other words, phrases , clauses , or sentences.

And , but , or , if , when , although , because , and unless are all common conjunctions in English. Some conjunctions consist of more than one word, for example as soon as ; these may be described as compound conjunctions.

The category of conjunctions is one of the parts of speech. Entries for conjunctions have the part-of-speech label conj. A construction is any group of words functioning together grammatically. Of a person: to have the right personal or social qualities to be a member of a particular group; to fit in.

In unrevised OED entries, the abbreviations const. A copular verb links the subject of a sentence with a complement usually a noun or adjective which describes or gives more information about the subject. The main copular verb in English is be; others include become e.

Branch III. A count noun is a noun which typically has both a singular form and a plural form, can be used with a numeral, and in the singular must be used with an article or other determiner. Car , strawberry , and laptop are all typically count nouns: you can say I have one car , We had strawberries for dessert , or She was working on her laptop but you would not say I have car, We had strawberry for dessert , or She was working on laptop.

Compare mass noun. Some nouns can be used either as a count noun or as a mass noun. In some inflected languages, the dative case is typically used to indicate nouns and pronouns as well as adjectives used to modify them which function as the indirect object of a verb. Old English, which was an inflected language, possessed a dative case, and it survived into the Middle English period but then fell almost entirely out of use.

The objective pronouns reflect a merger of the dative and accusative forms. ABOW v. SHOW v. A declarative sentence or clause typically makes a statement, and has basic word order, with the subject followed by the verb. A demonstrative is one of a small set of words which limit the application of nouns by indicating the person or thing referred to.

In modern standard English, the demonstratives are this, these, those , and that. The examples at ALL adv. THEY adj. See also determiner, pronoun. Articles the , a , and an and demonstratives this , these , that , and those are specific types of determiners. NURSE n. In unrevised entries, determiners are usually described simply as adjectives. In some grammars, the term determinative is used. See object.

A direct question is a question which is quoted as actually spoken that is, in direct speech , rather than being reported. At ASK v. Direct speech is speech which is quoted as actually spoken, rather than being reported see indirect speech. Speech of this type is typically indicated using quotation marks.

In some contexts, a verb may take both a direct object and an indirect object. This pair of objects may be referred to as a double object. ASK v. In modern English, nouns and pronouns may be either singular , referring to one person or thing child, table, I, he, etc. Some languages also have a dual category which distinguishes two people or things as opposed to one or to more than two.

An element is a word, combining form , prefix , or suffix which is a component part of a larger construction a compound word, a clause , etc.

In the OED, element most often refers to a component part of a compound. The quotation paragraph includes the compound adjectives Constitution-abiding , rule-abiding , and code-abiding. Ellipsis occurs when a word or group of words is omitted from a sentence or utterance but is understood from the context.

D Conjunctive Adverb: An adverb used with a semicolon to connect independent clauses. Consequently, furthermore, however, moreover, nevertheless, then, therefore, and thus. ARTICLE: a, an, the modifies noun ; definite article: the book, the tree; indefinite article: a book could be any book , a tree could be any tree. The following words are helping verbs when used with a main verb.

Modifiers include adjectives, adverbs, adverbs, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, some infinitive phrases, and adjective and adverb clauses.

Problems arise with dangling modifiers where the agent of the action is not clear. Error: Opening the window to let out a fly, the car swerved into an oncoming car. Error: After seminary training, women's access to the pulpit has often been denied. When a verb is in the active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action. A decision was reached. Present participles end in -ing I am rushing , past participles in -ed I was rushed.

If the split infinitive is awkward, move the modifier to another position in the sentence. Error: The jury was instructed to very carefully review the evidence.

Most adjectives and adverbs have three forms: the positive, the comparative, and the superlative. Maria's natural ability and her love of music has lead her to a singing career. With "or" or "nor," make the verb agree with the part of the subject nearer the verb. Error: If a relative or neighbor are abusing a child, call the police. The indicative is used for facts, opinions and questions. Chicago is in Illinois. The imperative is used for orders or advice. We have two books: 1 "Smashing Grammar" Written by the founder of Grammar Monster , "Smashing Grammar" has an A-Z glossary of grammar terms, a punctuation section, and a chapter on easily confused words.

Each entry starts with a simple explanation and some basic examples before giving real-life, entertaining examples. Every entry ends with a summary explaining why the grammar point matters to a writer. If you like Grammar Monster, you'll love this book. Practical rather than academic, this best seller is packed with real-life examples and great quotations from Homer the Greek to Homer the Simpson. It is a light-hearted, easily digestible grammar reference.