Why did constitutionalism develop in england

Many English people suspected, justifiably, that their leaders were Catholic sympathizers. Oliver Cromwell led the opposition in a civil war between and , and then ruled the country until In , the Stuart monarchy was restored under Charles II.

Charles II was almost always cash-poor, and his relationship with Parliament was testy until he packed it with his allies. The Toleration Act allowed all Protestants freedom to worship, but still denied Catholics and others their rights. James again fled to France, where he was to die in exile. Although Oliver Cromwell who became the leader of the army and later "Lord Protector" of England, rejected complete democracy, he did approve in the capture, trial and execution of the king for treason.

If there was to be no true democracy, there was to be no monarchy either. But what was the middle position? There was little agreement about what kind of government should take the place of monarchy. Should Parliament govern alone? If so, who should have the right to vote? Should there be a king at all, and if so, what should his powers be?

There was an understanding during the reign of Charles II that in order to maintain peace, Parliament ought to be consulted regularly, and that religious differences were to be tolerated. James acted alone without ever calling Parliament. He began to depose judges and bishops whom he did not like and replace them with Catholics loyal to himself. The refusal of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the leader of the Church of England, to cooperate with this forced re-conversion led James to the extraordinary step of putting the Archbishop and six other leading bishops on trial for treason.

Explain the top three reasons for its rise in the 17th century Absolutism, where there is a person who has full political power over a country, rose in the 17th century due to the increase in surplus, mercantilism and the standing armies.

Due to the increase in surplus in these countries, the government had more money to spend. Mercantilism also contributed.

Lionheart, persecuted the innocent and was the first King of England to be accused of murder. No one could imagine that John would soon go down in history as the first English King to commit murder with his own hands.

King John did not fear God nor respect men. His punishments were cruel, starvation of children and crushing of old men and no woman was safe. John's high ended attitude towards women was also to have huge consequences in England. Driven to despair, John subjects would impose a document. Law of Obligations The scope of this essay is to introduce the contribution of Roman law to an understanding of the modern law of Obligations in England and Wales.

John Locke and Edmund Burke were two champions for the theory of change in the world of political philosophy during the seventeenth century. Locke is largely known for pushing liberalism in influencing the American and French political revolution period while Burk is known for taking a more placid approach to promoting modern conservatism.

Set out in different time period, both thinkers focus on the purpose of the government, its structure and functions, laws of nature and the characteristics of. Examples of conquistadores were Hernando Cortes, who defeated the Aztec Empire and conquered Mexico in the early 16th century, and Francisco Pizarro, who triumphed over the Inca Empire. Ptolemy 's Geography: It was the work of Ptolemy, an astronomer who lived in the Roman Empire in the second century.

It summarized the knowledge of the classical world about geography.